340701 Bromopsis pumpelliana (Scribn.) Holub
Distribution
Kanin - Pechora: Rare
Polar Ural - Novaya Zemlya: Rare
Yamal - Gydan: Rare
Taimyr - Severnaya Zemlya: Scattered
Anabar - Onenyo: Scattered
Kharaulakh: Frequent
Yana - Kolyma: Rare
West Chukotka: Scattered
Wrangel Island: Frequent
South Chukotka: Frequent
East Chukotka: Frequent
Western Alaska: Scattered
Northern Alaska - Yukon: Frequent
Central Canada: Rare
Mid Arctic Tundra: Rare
Southern Arcti Tundra: Scattered
Shrub Tundra: Frequent
Bordering boreal or alpine areas: Frequent
- Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 168 (1973). - Bromus pumpellianus Scribn., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 9 (1888). Holotype (US-81590): U.S.A.: Montana, Meagher Co., Belt Mountains, 09. Aug. 1883, leg. F.L. Lamson-Scribner 418. - Bromus inermis subsp. pumpellianus (Scribn.) Wagnon, Rhodora 52: 211 (1950). - Zerna pumpelliana (Scribn.) Tzvelev, Fl. Arct. URSS 2: 225 (1964).
2n=
(1) 28 (4x). - Siberia, Far East (N), Alaska. - Numerous reports for, e.g., "dicksonii" and "arctica".
(2) 42 (6x). - Siberia (N), Far East (N). - At least five reports, two for "arctica", one for "ornans".
(3) 56 (8x). - Siberia, Asia (C), Far East, Alaska, Canada, U.S.A. - Numerous reports, many for "arctica", some for "ornans", and one each for "ircutensis" and "vogulica".
(4) 84 (12x). - Far East (East Chukotka). - Yurtsev and Zhukova (1978).
Geography: European (NE) - Asian (N/C) - amphi-Beringian - North American.
Notes: Elven and Murray: Bromopsis pumpelliana s. lat. is polymorphic and known with several polyploid chromosome numbers (4x-12x). Various Russian authors have accepted a series of several species or races, in an arctic and northern context: "arctica", "ircutensis" (see Excluded taxa), "ornans", "pumpelliana" s. str., "sibirica", "taimyrensis", and "vogulica". Tzvelev (1964d) treated the majority of these as species, followed by Peschkova (1990c) with some additions and modifications. Tzvelev (PAF proposal) rather accepted them as subspecies. At least two additional taxa are named from the North American side: subsp. dicksonii and var. villosissima. The former was accepted by Soreng et al. (2003) and Pavlick and Anderton (2007), the latter synonymized with what Soreng et al. (2003) treated as Bromus pumpellianus var. arcticus. The proposed species or races are largely allopatric or parapatric but co-occurrences are fairly common in many regions, e.g., four taxa in Chukotka and three in Alaska. See also Mitchell (1967).
There is a geographically structured morphological variation in this widespread species but the numerous named taxa should be experimentally investigated before they are fully accepted as races or species. There may be a complicated reticulate pattern of auto-allopolyploids. The diagnostic characters of Tzvelev (1964d) are in degree and type of pubescence on different parts of the plant and other quantitative characters.
Löve and Löve (1975a, 1976a) and some other North American authors (e.g., Pavlick and Anderton 2007) have tried to distinguish the hexaploids as B. pumpelliana and the tetraploids as B. dicksonii, and Löve and Löve (1975a) transferred all tetraploid counts to the latter, including counts reported by Tzvelev for B. pumpelliana subsp. pumpelliana and subsp. arctica and from far outside the accepted range of B. dicksonii.
The proposed taxa of the B. pumpelliana group are entered provisionally as races (except that var. villosissima is synonymized with subsp. arctica). For chromosome numbers assigned to each race, see above.
Higher Taxa
- Bromopsis [3407,genus]