Panarctic Flora

Preface

Acknowledgement

Contributors

Annotated Checklist of the Panarctic Flora (PAF)
Vascular plants

Editor-in-Chief

Reidar Elven
Natural History Museum,
University of Oslo

Editorial Committee

Reidar Elven, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway
David F. Murray, Museum of the North, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, U.S.A.
Volodya Yu. Razzhivin, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
Boris A. Yurtsev [deceased], Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

Panarctic Flora Project Steering Committee

Susan G. Aiken, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada
Reidar Elven, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway
Hördur Kristinsson, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Akureyri Division, Akureyri, Iceland
David F. Murray, Museum of the North, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, U.S.A.
Inger Nordal, Biological Institute, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Boris A. Yurtsev, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

Preface

What follows is our contribution to a unified list of accepted names for arctic vascular plants. This list is annotated to highlight and explain taxonomic problems and to make clear our approach to taxonomic solutions or, in the absence of solutions, to the disagreements.

We realize that as you read this, the Checklist is already in need of modification as new data are being published at a rapid rate. It will always be a work in progress. Our plan is that this Version 1.0 will become 1.1, 1.2, and so on as warranted. To a great extent we will rely on readers’ comments, and we invite you to send corrections and additions to Reidar Elven (Oslo; reidar.elven@nhm.uio.no) or David Murray (Fairbanks; dfmurray@alaska.edu).

As is made clear in the Introduction that follows, this has been a collaborative effort involving many individuals and institutions. Specialists from many countries have provided a full Panarctic analysis. The comments of monographers and regional experts are identified in the text. But all those people are but a subset of the many who can and we hope will offer improvements. We look forward to a lively correspondence.

Acknowledgements

The Panarctic Flora Project (PAF), of which this Checklist is part, was initially a bi-national effort that emerged after exchange visits between the Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, and the University of Alaska Museum of the North, Fairbanks, under Area V of the Environmental Agreement between the two countries to promote joint work on, among other things, rare plants. Steven Kohl, International Programs of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, managed these exchanges and Thomas Elias was group leader. The exchanges that began for us in 1981 made possible extended stays for herbarium study and field work in Russia and Alaska.

Dr. Peter Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, was instrumental in getting U.S. and Russian academies of sciences support for the project, which was essential to engage the Russian team. He has continued to be a source of inspiration.

The U.S. National Science Foundation, International Programs, funded two workshops in Russia (1991 and 1992) to establish checklist guidelines and to explore the feasibility of computerized databases as the basis for the Checklist.

The U.S. National Park Service, Beringian Program, provided the funding for joint U.S.–Russian fieldwork on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, in 1992 and 1993. Dale Taylor was the driving force at NPS that made these very successful expeditions possible.

With the addition of Norwegian scientists, the project became fully international. A grant was awarded to Inger Nordal and Reidar Elven from the Norwegian Academy of Sciences, supporting a "Panarctic Year" at the Center for Advanced Study (CAS), Oslo, in 1998 and 1999. CAS became the locus for a symposium and for workshops on problem taxa where participants from the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, and Russia were resident at CAS. The facilities and the general environment at CAS wonderfully supported discussions and collaborative study among specialists from countries with circumpolar interests. The "Panarctic Year" resulted in the volume Nordal and Razzhivin (1999) and in the initiation of the Checklist process.

Endorsement of our project by CAFF (Conservation of Arctic Fauna and Flora) was received. We appreciate the moral support from CAFF and especially from Stephen Talbot who leads the Circumpolar Flora Group and has urged the PAF activity toward completion.

In the period after the "Panarctic Year" at CAS, the main supporter of the Checklist project has been the National Center of Biosystematics (NCB) at the Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, where R. Elven has been connected as Editor-in-Chief and where the NCB leader, Dr. Christian Brochmann, has provided material support for extensive travel, both to herbaria and to the field in Siberia (Yakutia), Chukotka, Alaska, and northwestern Canada. Without this support, the current product would certainly not have seen light.

Two other institutions have greatly facilitated the accumulation of circumpolar knowledge necessary for the Checklist. The Swedish Polar secretariat, the Swedish Academy of Sciences, arranged and funded two important ship-based expeditions through essential parts of the Arctic: the "Tundra North-west" expedition through the Northwest Passage in Canada in 1999 and the "Beringia" expedition across the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea in 2005. The material and experiences collected by Elven (1999, 2005) and Solstad (2005) during these expeditions have been invaluable. The U.S. National Park Services initiated an inventory of the Alaskan protected areas. Through the initiative of Carolyn Parker, UAF Museum, Elven and Solstad were invited to participate in the works in the parks and reserves in western and northern Alaska in 2001–2003. The impressions and experiences during this period have been decisive for very many items in the Checklist.

A major source of information is herbaria and libraries. The curators, librarians, and additional staff at the following institutions, which were the main ones utilized, were very helpful and our thanks to all of them: ALA (Fairbanks), AMNH (Akureyri), BM and K (London), C (Copenhagen), CAN and DAO (Ottawa), G (Geneve), ICEL (Reykjavik), LE (St. Petersburg), MHA and MW (Moscow), MO (St. Louis), MT (Montreal), NS and NSK (Novosibirsk), O (Oslo), S (Stockholm), TRH (Trondheim), TROM (Tromsø), and TK (Tomsk).

Contributors

A  Contributors of initial drafts (PAF proposals)

G.W. Argus, Canada. – Salicaceae (with R. Elven and A.K. Skvortsov).
T.V. Egorova [deceased], Russia. – Cyperaceae (except for Eriophorum; Carex with R. Elven and D.F. Murray), Juncaceae, Linaceae (with R. Elven).
R. Elven, Norway. – Adoxaceae, Amaranthaceae (Salicornia), Apiaceae (Myrrhis), Araceae, Asteraceae (Centaurea and Chrysanthemum; Hieracium, Pilosella, and Stenotheca partly with A.N. Sennikov; Taraxacum with N.N. Tzvelev and B.A. Yurtsev), Balsaminaceae, Betulaceae, Blechnaceae, Brassicaceae (the majority of genera, with V.V. Petrovsky and B.A. Yurtsev), Campanulaceae (with B.A. Yurtsev), Caprifoliaceae, Caryophyllaceae (with V.V. Petrovsky), Ceratophyllaceae, Cornaceae, Cupressaceae, Droseraceae, Elaeagnaceae, Elatinaceae, Ericaceae (Gaultheria), Fumariaceae, Gentianaceae, Geraniaceae, Haloragaceae, Lamiaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Liliaceae (Fritillaria), Linaceae (with T.V. Egorova), Linnaeaceae, Menyanthaceae, Myricaceae, Orchidaceae (Epipactis), Orobanchaceae (Boschniakia), Oxalidaceae, Papaveraceae (with D.F. Murray, V.V. Petrovsky, and H. Solstad), Phrymaceae, Pinaceae, Plantaginaceae (Callitriche, Littorella, Plantago), Plumbaginaceae, Poaceae (xDuarctopoa, Hystrix, Limnas), Polemoniaceae (with D.F. Murray), Polygalaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae (Coptidium, Halerpestes, Ranunculus, Thalictrum), Rosaceae (Chamaerhodos, Fragaria, Geum p.p., Luetkea, Sanguisorba; Dryas and Potentilla with D.F. Murray and B.A. Yurtsev), Salicaceae (with G.W. Argus and A.K. Skvortsov), Santalaceae, Saxifragaceae (Heuchera, Leptarrhena, Mitella), Valerianaceae, Violaceae (with N.N. Tzvelev), Woodsiaceae (Diplazium, Matteuccia).
V.N. Gladkova, Russia. – Grossulariaceae, Rosaceae (Amelanchier, Aruncus, Comarum, Cotoneaster, Dasiphora, Filipendula, Prunus, Rosa, Rubus, Sorbus, Spiraea).
L.I. Ivanina, Russia. – Plantaginaceae (the majority of genera), Orobanchaceae (the majority of genera), Scrophulariaceae.
A.A. Korobkov, Russia. – Amaranthaceae (the majority of genera), Asteraceae (the majority of genera), Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, Urticaceae.
D.F. Murray, U.S.A. – Cyperaceae (Carex with T.V. Egorova and R. Elven), Papaveraceae (with R. Elven, V.V. Petrovsky, and H. Solstad), Polemoniaceae (Polemonium with R. Elven), Rosaceae (Dryas and Potentilla with R. Elven and B.A. Yurtsev).
M.S. Novoselova, Russia. – Cyperaceae (Eriophorum).
V.V. Petrovsky, Russia. – Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae (the majority of genera, with R. Elven), Caryophyllaceae (with R. Elven), Papaveraceae (with R. Elven, D.F. Murray, and H. Solstad), Parnassiaceae, Saxifragaceae (Boykinia, Chrysosplenium).
O.V. Rebristaya, Russia. – Alliaceae, Convallariaceae, Iridaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae, Nartheciaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae (Castilleja), Paeoniaceae, Ranunculaceae (Actaea, Anemone, Caltha, Clematis, Coptis, Pulsatilla, Trollius).
A.N. Sennikov, Russia and Finland. – Asteraceae (Hieracium, Pilosella, and Stenotheca with R. Elven; Crepis).
A.K. Skvortsov, Russia. – Onagraceae, Salicaceae (with G.W. Argus and R. Elven).
V.N. Tikhomirov [deceased], Russia. – Apiaceae, Rosaceae (Alchemilla).
N.N. Tzvelev, Russia. – Adiantaceae, Alismataceae, Araceae (Lemna), Asteraceae (Taraxacum with R. Elven and B.A. Yurtsev), Aspleniaceae, Butomaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Equisetaceae, Ericaceae (Empetrum), Isoetaceae, Juncaginaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Poaceae, Polypodiaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Rubiaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Selaginellaceae, Sparganiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Violaceae (with R. Elven), Woodsiaceae, Zosteraceae.
B.A. Yurtsev [deceased], Russia. – Asteraceae (Taraxacum with R. Elven and N.N. Tzvelev), Brassicaceae (Noccaea with R. Elven; Smelowskia, Transberingia), Campanulaceae (with R. Elven), Diapensiaceae, Ericaceae (the majority of genera), Fabaceae, Portulacaceae, Ranunculaceae (Aconitum, Aquilegia, Delphinium, Oxygraphis), Rosaceae (Geum p.p., Sibbaldia, Sibbaldiopsis; Dryas and Potentilla with R. Elven and D.F. Murray).

P.Yu. Zhmylev, Russia. – Saxifragaceae (Micranthes, Saxifraga).

B  Contributors of notes and information

Formal and informal comments, unpublished information, field observations, and alternative viewpoints as to taxonomy:

S.G. Aiken, Canada. – Carex, Chrysosplenium, Diapensia, Eriophorum, Poaceae (several genera), Potentilla, Ranunculus, Saxifraga, Viscaria, Canadian distribution data
I.A. Al-Shehbaz, St. Louis, U.S.A. – Arabidopsis, Draba, Nesodraba, Smelowskia.
I.G. Alsos, Norway. – Betula nana, Poa, Puccinellia, Vaccinium uliginosum, Svalbard data.
B. Andersen, Norway. – the Draba cinerea group.
G.W. Argus, Canada. – Chosenia, Salix.
M. Aronsson, Sweden. – Antennaria alpina s. lat.
P.W. Ball, Canada. – Cyperaceae (several genera), Salicornia.
T.M. Barkley [deceased], U.S.A. – Arnica, Parasenecio.
A.R. Batten, U.S.A. – Saussurea, Alaskan data.
B. Bennett, Canada. – Carex, Gentianopsis, Papaver, Saxifraga, Yukon Territory and Northwest Territory data.
R.Y. Berg, Norway. – Cystopteris fragilis s. lat.
T. Berg, Norway. – Salix.
C.S. Bjorå, Norway. – Cochlearia.
M. Blondeau, Canada. – the Saxifraga rivularis group, Canadian distribution data,
L. Borgen, Norway. – Puccinellia.
C. Brochmann, Norway. – Draba, Saxifraga.
L. Brouillet, Canada. – Micranthes, Saxifraga.
A.K. Brysting, Norway. – xArctodupontia, Cerastium, Dupontia, Poa.
T.A. Carlsen, Norway. – Cardamine, Rorippa, Smelowskia.
J. Cayouette, Canada. – Carex, Eriophorum, Potentilla, Canadian distribution data.
J. Chmielewski, Canada. – Antennaria.
W.J. Cody [deceased], Canada. – Dryas, Equisetum, Erigeron, Lappula, Potentilla, Veronica, Canadian distribution data (especially Yukon Territory).
L.L. Consaul, Canada. – Puccinellia, Canadian data.
S.J. Darbyshire, Canada. – xDuarctopoa.
T.V. Egorova [deceased], Russia. – Cardamine, Cyperaceae, Draba, Juncaceae, Linum, typification and nomenclature.
F. Ehrendorfer, Austria. – Artemisia.
D. Ehrich, Norway. – Arabis alpina, Avenella.
P.B. Eidesen, Norway. – Cassiope, Puccinellia.
E. Einarsson, Iceland. – Eriophorum.
A. Elvebakk, Norway. – Calamagrostis, Puccinellia.
R. Elven, Norway. – Throughout.
T. Engelskjøn, Norway. – Carex.
S. Ericsson, Sweden. – Alchemilla, Erysimum, Ranunculus.
B. Eriksen, Sweden. – the Potentilla group of genera.
T. Eriksson, Sweden. – the Potentilla group of genera.
B.J. Ertter, U.S.A. – the Potentilla group of genera.
S. Fjellheim, Norway. – the Festuca brachyphylla group, Schedonorus.
K.I. Flatberg, Norway. – xArctodupontia.
B.A. Ford, Canada. – Carex.
K. Fredriksen, Norway. – Atriplex lapponica.
L. Fröberg, Sweden. – Apiaceae.
T.M. Gabrielsen, Norway. – Saxifraga cernua and relatives.
K. Gandhi, U.S.A. – Nomenclature.
L.L. Gillespie, Canada. – Oxytropis, Poa, Puccinellia, Saxifraga, Canadian data.
V.N. Gladkova, Russia. – Aruncus, Filipendula, Lonicera caerulea, Prunus, Ribes, Rosa, Rubus, Sorbus.
J. Grant, U.S.A. – Parrya.
C.W. Greene [deceased], U.S.A.. – Calamagrostis.
H.H. Grundt, Norway. – Cerastium, Draba.
A.S. Guldahl, Norway. – the Festuca brachyphylla group, the Saxifraga rivularis group.
G. Gusarova, Norway / Russia. – Euphrasia.
L. Gustafsson, Sweden. – Cochlearia.
E. Hamre, Norway. – Potentilla.
K.T. Hansen, Norway. – Potentilla.
J.G. Harris, U.S.A. – Braya.
J. Haugen, Norway. – Poa.
S.G. Hay, U.S.A. – Botrychium.
M. Hedrén, Sweden. – the Carex viridula group, Dactylorhiza.
P.C. Hoch, U.S.A. – Onagraceae.
U.-M. Hultgård, Sweden. – Koenigia, Parnassia palustris s. lat., the Primula farinosa group.
L.I., Ivanina, Russia. – Euphrasia, Melampyrum, Pedicularis.
A.W. Johnson, U.S.A. – Thalictrum alpinum.
B. Jonsell, Sweden. – Nomenclature.
J.L. Jorgensen, U.S.A. – the Oxytropis campestris – arctica groups.
M.H. Jørgensen, Norway. – Cardamine, the Saxifraga rivularis group.
P.M. Jørgensen, Norway. – Rhododendron.
B. Kanz, Norway. – Juncus squarrosus in Svalbard.
M. Kapralov, Russia. – the Saxifraga cernua – sibirica group.
T. Karlsson, Sweden. – Euphrasia.
A.E. Katenin, Russia. – Populus.
S. Kelso, U.S.A. – Full revision of the Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae draft.
J. Kirschner, Checz Republic. – Full revision of the Juncaceae draft.
G. Knaben [deceased], Norway. – Pyrola minor.
A.A. Korobkov, Russia. – Amaranthus, Asteraceae, Atriplex, Axyris, Crassulaceae, Leontodon, Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae.
H. Kristinsson, Iceland. – Alchemilla, Carex, Euphrasia, Lupinus, Myriophyllum spicatum, Primula egaliksensis, Saxifraga rosacea, Valeriana, Icelandic data.
R. Lipkin, U.S.A. – Dupontia.
M. Lomonosova, Russia. – Cystopteris, Euphorbia.
K.A. Lye, Norway. – Bolboschoenus, Carex.
T. Marcussen, Norway. – Viola.
J. McNeill, Canada. – Cherleria, Minuartia, other Caryophyllaceae.
V. Mirré, Norway. – Empetrum.
U. Molau, Sweden. – the Pedicularis sudetica group.
J.K. Morton, Canada. – Caryophyllaceae.
G.A. Mulligan, Canada. – Several groups, especially Brassicaceae.
D.F. Murray, U.S.A. – Throughout.
Ö. Nilsson, Sweden. – Erigeron borealis, Papaver.
I. Nordal, Norway. – Cochlearia, Dryas, Mertensia, Viola.
M.S. Novoselova, Russia. – Eriophorum.
J. Nyléhn, Norway. – the Potentilla crantzii and P. nivea groups.
H. Øllgaard, Denmark. – Taraxacum.
B. Oxelman, Sweden. – Caryophyllaceae, especially Silene.
J.G. Packer, Canada. – Chrysosplenium, Mertensia.
J. Pálsson, Iceland. – Betula.
C.L. Parker, U.S.A. – Several groups, Alaskan data.
A. Pedersen [deceased], Denmark. – Valeriana.
H.Æ. Pedersen, Denmark. – Orchidaceae.
V.V. Petrovsky, Russia. – Antennaria, Bistorta, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chrysosplenium, Erigeron, Lagotis, Papaver, Polemonium, Rumex,
M. Popp, Norway / Sweden. – Silene.
P.H. Raven, U.S.A. – Epilobium.
O.V. Rebristaya, Russia. – Cardamine, Castilleja, Iris, Nuphar, Orchidaceae, Ranunculaceae.
L.G. Reinhammar, Sweden. – Carex capitata s. lat., Pseudorchis.
J. Reveal, U.S.A. – Potentilla ‘verna’.
L. Ryvarden, Norway. – Crepis, Draba, Festuca.
B. Salomon, Sweden. – Elymus.
A.-C. Scheen, Norway. – Cerastium, Draba.
P. Schönswetter, Austria. – the Carex bigelowii group, Equisetum arvense, Juncus biglumis.
N. Sekretareva, Russia. – Russian distribution data.
A.N. Sennikov, Finland / Russia. – Crepis, Hieracium, Pilosella, Stenotheca.
L.A. Sergienko, Russia. – Puccinellia.
O. Skarpaas, Norway. – Mertensia.
I. Skrede, Norway. – Dryas.
A.K. Skvortsov, Russia. – Epilobium, Salix.
S.G. Smith, U.S.A. – Scirpus s. lat.
S. Snogerup, Sweden. – Epilobium ciliatum, Juncus.
J. Soják, Czech Republic. – the Potentilla group of genera, especially Potentilla.
H. Solstad, Norway. – Numerous groups throughout, especially Papaver, Icelandic data.
R. Soreng, U.S.A. – Poaceae.
N.W. Steen, Norway. – Phippsia, xPucciphippsia.
M. Stensvold, U.S.A. – Botrychium.
V.N., Tikhomirov [deceased], Russia. – Alchemilla, Apiaceae.
M.M. Tollefsrud, Norway. – Picea abies.
M. Töpel, Sweden. – the Potentilla group of genera.
A. Tribsch, Austria. – Eritrichium, Micranthes, Oxytropis, Pedicularis, Thalictrum.
N.N. Tzvelev, Russia. – Numerous groups throughout, especially aquatic monocots, Galium, Larix, Plantago, Poaceae, Polemonium, Polygonaceae, Pteridophytes, Ranunculus s. lat., Silene s. lat., Taraxacum, Viola.
P.A. Volkova, Russia. – Carex (the Temnemis group), Nymphaea.
S. Warwick, Canada. – Smelowskia.
K. Westergaard, Norway. – Arenaria, the Saxifraga rivularis group.
F. Wischmann, Norway. – Calamagrostis, Carex, Luzula.
B.A. Yurtsev [deceased], Russia. – Numerous groups throughout, especially Aconogonon, Arabidopsis, Campanula, Diapensia, Dryas, Ericaceae, Fabaceae, Geum, Juncus, Luzula, Maianthemum, Montiaceae, Nesodraba, Noccaea, Poaceae, Potentilla, Ranunculaceae, Salix, Senecio s. lat., Smelowskia, Suaeda, Taraxacum, Transberingia.
P.Yu. Zhmylev, Russia. – Micranthes, Saxifraga.
P.G. Zhukova, Russia. – Chromosome information.