750102 Galium boreale L.
Distribution
Northern Iceland: Present only in the Borderline Arctic
Northern Fennoscandia: Scattered
Kanin - Pechora: Frequent
Polar Ural - Novaya Zemlya: Scattered
Yamal - Gydan: Scattered
Taimyr - Severnaya Zemlya: Rare
Anabar - Onenyo: Rare
Kharaulakh: Rare
West Chukotka: Frequent
South Chukotka: Frequent
East Chukotka: Frequent
Western Alaska: Frequent
Northern Alaska - Yukon: Rare
Central Canada: Rare
Hudson Bay - Labrador: Rare
Western Greenland: Rare
Southern Arcti Tundra: Scattered
Shrub Tundra: Frequent
Bordering boreal or alpine areas: Frequent
- L., Sp. Pl.: 108 (1753). Lectotype (LINN): Europe. Herb. Linn. 129.25 (Nazimuddin and Qaiser 1989: 70).
2n=
(1) 44 (4x), (2) 55 (5x), (3) 66 (6x), (4) 88 (8x). - See provisionally entered races below (and also Rahn 1961).
Geography: Circumboreal.
Notes: The northern material of Galium boreale s. lat. has been proposed as three species: G. boreale s. str. described from Europe, G. physocarpum described from southeastern European Russia, and G. septentrionale described from eastern North America. Löve and Löve (1975a) distinguished between a tetraploid G. boreale in Europe, Siberia, and Greenland and a hexaploid G. septentrionale in Siberia, the Russian Far East, and Alaska. Their referred chromosome number reports do not fully support this geographic pattern. Rahn (1961) found tetraploids in western Europe and Scandinavia and hexaploids in Scandinavia and eastern Europe but he did not find any morphological differences. Ehrendorfer (1976) stated that "the tetraploids and hexaploids have widely overlapping distributions, and are morphologically indistinguishable", and he indicated - with a question mark - G. septentrionale to be a synonym of G. boreale s. str. As for G. physocarpum, Ehrendorfer included it with many other 'Russian' taxa in an extended G. rubioides. Tzvelev (2000a) accepted six eastern European species of the group, the three above as northern, and he considered G. physocarpum to be different from G. rubioides which he considered a central European species. The reported morphological distinctions are slight and the reported ploidy differences and geographical ranges are unclear. Due to these difficulties, we treat the group as a collective with entry of two unranked and one ranked race of G. boreale.
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Source: Fornax at Wikispecies
Higher Taxa
- Galium [7501,genus]