672202 Cochlearia groenlandica L.
Distribution
Kanin - Pechora: Rare
Svalbard - Franz Joseph Land: Frequent
Polar Ural - Novaya Zemlya: Frequent
Yamal - Gydan: Scattered
Taimyr - Severnaya Zemlya: Frequent
Anabar - Onenyo: Scattered
Kharaulakh: Rare
Yana - Kolyma: Scattered
West Chukotka: Scattered
Wrangel Island: Frequent
East Chukotka: Frequent
Western Alaska: Scattered
Northern Alaska - Yukon: Frequent
Central Canada: Frequent
Hudson Bay - Labrador: Frequent
Ellesmere Island: Frequent
Western Greenland: Frequent
Eastern Greenland: Frequent
Polar desert: Frequent
Northern arctic Tundra: Frequent
Mid Arctic Tundra: Frequent
Southern Arcti Tundra: Frequent
Shrub Tundra: Frequent
Bordering boreal or alpine areas: Scattered
- L., Sp. Pl.: 647 (1753). Lectotype (LINN!): Herb. Linn. 826.3; epitype (O!): Greenland: Disko, Mudderbugten, between Alákariaq and Isungua, 24. July 1975, leg. L. Andersen and S. Hanfgarn 135 (Elven and Nordal in Jonsell and Jarvis 2002: 69). - Cochlearia officinalis subsp. groenlandica (L.) A.E. Porsild, Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 146: 92 (1957). - Cochleariopsis groenlandica (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve, Bot. Not. 128: 514 (1976).
- Cochlearia fenestrata R. Br., Voy. Explor. Baffin's Bay, App.: 143 (1819). Described from northeastern Canada.
- ?Cochlearia sessilifolia Rollins, Contr. Dudley Herb. 3: 182 (1941). Described from Alaska. Internal note: Type information lacking.
- Cochlearia polaris Pobed., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 99 (1970). Holotype (LE): European Russia: "Terra Franz-Josef, ins. Nortbruk Northbrook Island, promontorium Flora, 28. July 1930, leg. V.P. Savicz 500.
- Cochlearia anglica auct., non L. (1759).
- Cochlearia officinalis auct., non L. (1753).
2n=
14 (2x). - Europe (N), Far East (N), Alaska, Canada, Greenland. - Numerous reports, for C. arctica (north of its now acknowledged range), C. groenlandica, and C. officinalis (north of its now acknowledged range).
Geography: Circumpolar: NOR RUS SIB RFE ALA CAN GRL.
Notes: Linnaeus' Cochlearia groenlandica was described with "Habitat in Norvegia, Islandia, Groenlandia" (Linnaeus 1753: 647), and with reference to three earlier sources: Hortus Cliffortianus (1738), "Barth. act." with a reference to a Danish plant (Alholm), and Boerhaave's Index of plants in the Leyden garden (1720). It is improbable that any of these earlier sources refer to the arctic plants. The only specimen relevant as original material (LINN) is in bad condition and without indications of origin. This specimen has been designated as lectotype but with an epitype from western Greenland to confirm the current usage of the name (Elven and Nordal in Jonsell and Jarvis 2002).
Cochlearia groenlandica is mainly high-arctic, in Europe restricted to the Norwegian and Russian arctic islands.
Cochlearia sessilifolia was accepted by Al-Shehbaz and Koch (2010) but seems to be based on very few collections, perhaps only one, within the range of the polymorphic C. groenlandica in northwestern Alaska. Its characters as reported by the authors above (annual, fruit shape and size, stem structure, sessile cauline leaves, blade margin) are within the range we have observed in C. groenlandica.
Higher Taxa
- Cochlearia [6722,genus]