210101 Triglochin maritima L.
Distribution
Northern Iceland: Rare
Northern Fennoscandia: Scattered
Kanin - Pechora: Scattered
Taimyr - Severnaya Zemlya: Rare
West Chukotka: Presence uncertain
East Chukotka: Presence uncertain
Western Alaska: Rare
Northern Alaska - Yukon: Rare
Central Canada: Rare
Hudson Bay - Labrador: Scattered
Shrub Tundra: Scattered
Bordering boreal or alpine areas: Frequent
- L., Sp. Pl.: 339 (1753). Lectotype (LINN): "Europæ maritimis". Herb. Linn. 466.2 (Dandy 1971a: 1).
- ?Triglochin elata Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 237 (1818). Described from "the state of New York" (U.S.A.).
- ?Triglochin maritima var. debilis M.E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 5: 722 (1895). Type: U.S.A.: Utah, Kane Co., Johnson, 23. May 1894, leg. M.E. Jones 5289. - Triglochin debilis (M.E. Jones) Á. Löve & D. Löve, Naturaliste Canad. 85: 161 (1958).
- ?Triglochin concinna Davy, Erythea 3: 117 (1895). Type: U.S.A.: California, salt marshes around San Francisco Bay, leg. Davy 1116.
- ?Triglochin maritima subsp. asiatica Kitag., Lineam. Fl. Mansh.: 55, t. 1 (1939). Described from Manchuria (China). - Triglochin asiatica (Kitag.) Á. Löve & D. Löve, Naturaliste Canad. 85: 159 (1958).
2n=
(1) 12 (2x). - Europe (SE). - At least three reports.
(2) 24 (4x). - Europe (W, E, SE), U.S.A. (Utah). - At least four reports.
(3) 30 (5x). - Europe (Poland). - Skalinska et al. (1961).
(4) 36 (6x). - Europe (SW, SE), Far East (N). - At least three reports; one from East Chukotka (Zhukova 1982) enigmatic, see below.
(5) 48 (8x). - Europe, Siberia, Far East (N, S), Canada. - Numerous reports, more than 50 counts. Löve and Löve (1975a) accepted only this number for T. maritima s. str. Tzvelev (1987b) reported this number for T. asiatica.
(6) 96 (16x). - Far East (N), Canada (W, E). - Several reports, often for T. debilis.
(7) 120 (20x). - Far East (Japan). - At least four reports.
(8) 144 (24x). - Canada (Quebec). - At least three reports, more than 15 counts, often for T. elata.
(9) 156 (26x). - Canada (Quebec). - Gervais et al. (1997a), for T. elata.
Geography: Circumboreal-polar: ICE NOR RUS SIB RFE? ALA CAN.
Notes: Triglochin maritima s. lat. is an unresolved aggregate of probably several taxa. Broadly circumscribed (e.g., Haynes and Hellquist 2000b), it includes plants from diploid to high polyploid levels. Diploid to hexaploid numbers (2x-6x) are reported mainly from Eurasia, octoploid ones (8x) throughout, whereas the higher polyploid numbers (16x-24x) are reported from eastern Asia (see also Hara 1960; Iwatsubo et al. 1998) and western and eastern North America. It is probable that the Linnaean name T. maritima is based on octoploid plants. Löve and Löve (1958) and D. Löve and Lieth (1961) treated American representatives as T. concinna and T. maritima with 2n = 48 (8x), T. debilis with 2n = 96 (16x), and T. elata with 2n = 144 (24x). We know of no comprehensive morphological and/or experimental investigation. Except for Zhukova's hexaploid from Chukotka, the plants relevant for the Arctic are octoploids (2n = 48). In northeastern Asia (south of the arctic parts), Tzvelev (1987b) reported T. maritima s. str. with 2n = >80 and T. asiatica with 2n = 48, which is at odds with other authors.
It is not clear whether T. maritima is present in Chukotka. Tzvelev (1987b) and Sekretareva (2004) accepted no occurrences there for T. maritima or T. asiatica, whereas Zhukova (1982) reported a chromosome count for T. maritima from East Chukotka.
Higher Taxa
- Triglochin [2101,genus]